Inner Class-

- 1) Creating a class inside the other class.
- 2) It help us to avoid the collison because of same class name.

Notes-

We can only access the inner class by taking the reference from outer class.

Ex-

class TestClass:
    def test1():
        print("Outer test1")
    class InnerClass:
        def test2():
            print("Inner test2")

class MainClass:
    def main():
        TestClass.test1()
        TestClass.InnerClass.test2()
MainClass.main()

Output-
	Outer test1
	Inner test2

– We can access object level members(methods and variables) by using object creation.

Ex-

class OuterClass:
    def test1(self):
        print("Outer-test")
    class InnerClass:
        def test2(self):
            print("Inner-test")

class TestMain:
    def main():
        obj1 = OuterClass()
        obj1.test1()

        obj2 = obj1.InnerClass()
        obj2.test2()
TestMain.main()

Output-
	Outer-test
	Inner-test

Local Inner Class-

- – Defining a class inside the methods.
- – Local inner class will act same as local variable.
- – Local inner class can also be defined inside the another local inner class but it makes the program little bit complex.

- Object Passing Or Message Passing Mechanism-
- – Calling a method by reference of an object as a parameter.
- – Arguments will always be treated as local variable of function.

- Notes-
  
  We can also access the outer class functionality from inner class by using object passing mechanism.

Nested Function-
– It Is Nothing But A Function Inside Function.

Ex-

def fn_outer():
    print("Outer Function")
    def fn_inner():
        print("Inner Function")
    fn_inner()
fn_outer()

Output-
	Outer Function
	Inner Function

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